The term Telemetry, originates from the Greek words, tele meaning remote, and metron meaning measure. The modern dictionary states that it is the science and technology of automatic measurement and relaying of data by wire, radio, or other means from remote sources, as from space vehicles, to receiving stations or system designers or operators for recording and analysis. The primary purpose of any telemetry system is to gather data at a place that is remote or inconvenient, and to report the data back to a "point of contact" where the information is evaluated. Telemetry refers to wireless communications, and is used generally in testing of moving vehicles such as cars, aircrafts, missiles and satellites. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), European Space Agency (ESA) and other space agencies employ telecommand systems to gather data from orbiting spacecraft and satellites. This term also relates to data transfer over other mediums, such as telephones or computer networks. When this system is used for both control and data collection, the term supervisory control and data acquisition is applied. Telemeter is the apparatus used for recording the readings of an instrument and transmitting them by radio. After each telemetry record is read into core, selected data items are extracted and placed into arrays for subsequent processing. Sometimes this process requires extracting and examining the values of one or more data items before the extraction of other items. For instance, a flag in the data indicates which of several formats the data appears in, and the location of other data items within the record depends on this format. Biomedical telemetry or biotelemetry is the monitoring of biological information from animals and man. The importance of this to basic biological, environmental and medical research cannot be overstated. Since the early 70s, the technology to provide real time physiological monitoring in the medical care units became widely recognized. This technology is used for long-term monitoring of the electrophysiological state of patients who are at risk of abnormal heart activity. In a CCU (coronary care unit) such patients are typically equipped with automatic recording, measuring, and transmitting devices. An alerting function immediately summons nurses if the patient is suffering from a critical condition.
       Telemetry, literally meaning "remote measurement" or the remote collection of data, is an automated measurement process that enables data to be gathered at remote locations, and transmitted to receiving telemetry equipment for interpretation, display, and recording. Telemetered data can be biological, environmental or physical data. Telemetry is used to gather data from remote, inaccessible or dangerous locations, such as a satellite in orbit, to control stations on ground, where the information is decrypted. Space agencies like National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), European Space Agency (ESA) and other international space agencies employ telemetry equipment to collect data from orbiting spacecraft and satellites.
       Communication channels are a major part of any telemetry system. When telemetry was relatively new, information was relayed over wires. Today it uses radio transmissions and GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) technology for data transmission. Telemeter is the apparatus used for recording the readings of an instrument and transmitting them by radio. A telemetry handler, collects, formats and stores the data in a dedicated buffer, and then relays it to the receiving station. The type of telemetry equipment required depends on the type and amount of data to be transmitted and whether remote control capability is desired. In the simplest system, the data are simply displayed on annunciator, indicator, and recorder. In larger systems, video display terminal and data logging is frequently used.

ZigBee equipment If you are like most people, interested in technology and home automation you probably have been hearing more about ZigBee lately...  Access control by GSM/GPRS module The proposed system is designed for remote control access of the object  GSM temperature control system The proposed system is designed for GSM temperatute control of the object. Vehicle Tracking The main objective of any transport company s to increase the efficiency of its transport...

       The contribution of telemetry to basic biological and medical research cannot be overstated. Discoveries made during manned space programs led to development of complex physiological monitoring and telemetry equipment, typically to gauge the health and well being of astronauts. Since early 70s, the use of these devices to provide real time physiological monitoring in hospitals has become widespread. Cardiac patients are equipped with automatic recording, measuring, and transmitting devices. Incase of an emergency, an alerting function instantaneously summons the healthcare professional in charge of the patient. Telemetry also permits the tracking of endangered land and marine species tagged with customized telemetry equipment. These devices collect data on their patterns of movement, dispersion, and migrations. The daily positioning of these animals, coupled with continuous tracking gives an explicit representation of the way they utilize their habitat.
       In today's world we are surrounded by a large number of hardware, home, office equipment, all kinds of security and safety, industrial and semi-equipment: sensors, access systems, various measurement and control systems, actuators, etc. Many of which require constant monitoring, control, attitudes of certain parameters, or to collect data, measurements, etc. The vast majority of cases is required to transfer data or control signals from / to these devices. This is what is called M2M technology, communication: machine-to-machine, mobile-to-machine or machine-to-mobile. GSM (wireless) technology or telemetry already provide the possibility of such data and control signals. We can only "make" these wireless technologies to manage equipment. M2M technology has already become nesessery part of many business and technological processes. Application of M2M technology can be found at almost every step, and the application of M2M technology is constantly growing. Here are just some of the scope of M2M technology:
       M2M technology is the utilization of different types of mechanical devices to establish a communication and exchange of information. More properly known as machine to machine technology, the M2M interface allows businesses to monitor and manipulate remote equipment that is crucial to the business operation. This type of remote monitoring and control makes it possible for corporations to address service issues and restore functionality with little or not interruption in productivity.
The basic structure for M2M technology involves a central system that is able to connect with other systems at various locations. The connection allows the central or mother system to collect or send data to each remote location for processing. For example, M2M technology may be utilized to create an integrated network for sales offices across the world. Sales associates make use of local networks within their branch offices, entering data on new and current transactions with clients. The data is transmitted into a central database that resides at the corporation headquarters, as well as remaining housed at the branch location. This allows the corporate office to evaluate the cumulative sales effort in all territories at any given time.
There are several advantages to this type of technology. Because the interface helps to streamline the process for reporting data from the field, employees have time to devote to other tasks, such as revenue generation. The central database makes it possible for customer care professionals to access client data from any location within the corporate structure, even if they are not currently at their usual location. This can often speed up the response time to a client request and thus help to retain customers.
       The GSM remote control switch connects to the cell phone network and like a cell phone has its own cell phone number. The GSM modem is activated by calling its cell phone number, it will recognise an authorised telephone number calling it, reject the call without answering and switch on or off the device connected to it, because it rejects the call without answering there are no call costs incurred.
       It has 4 independent GPIO (general programmable input output) switches, these can be programmed to switch on for a pre-determined length of time whenever the GSM modem is called.
One other benefit of M2M technology is that the interaction between local and remote technical components can often lead to the development of new revenue streams. This can often through the transmission of data regarding product innovations and identifying the work of one location in expanding the client base into a new industry type. The enhanced telemetry of M2M technology today is continually being improved with innovations such as robotics, which are making it possible to monitor, sort, and distribute data with even more automatic efficiency.

        The proposed system is a wireless control center designed for remote monitoring and management of physical parameters (eg temperature or pressure), as well as monitoring the situation and control mechanisms

Рис. 1. The wireless monitoring and control

The GPIO switches can also be temporarily or permanently switched on or off by sending the GSM modem a sms text message command. It can report GPIO status by sending back a text message.

       Monitoring allows for rapid regulation of values of physical quantities and position of mechanical elements. Remote data collection is produced by GSM modem Telit Communications SpA GSM / GPRS / Edge modules and terminals company Telit intended for reception and transmission of digital data modes, GSM, GPRS and Edge, make voice calls, exchange of faxes and SMS messages. Office of the modems via AT commands via serial port (UART or RS-232). Received from an external control device (microcontroller or PC) AT command, the modem executes it and gives back to the serial port communication on the implementation (if it is stipulated in the team). Among the AT commands are commands to configure the modem connection, receiving a report on the status of the modem and a cellular network, wealth management lines of I / O ports and others. After establishing the data connection, the modem switches to the mode of transmission. Further, he sees everything that sends to the serial port external controller as data and transmits them to the modem, with which the connection was established. Also, the modem may be responsible for reporting current events - the incoming call, determining the number, you receive SMS, the connection and some others.

To reduce the cost of a finite system company Telit offers modems, software which contains a shell programming language Python (Python). These modems can operate without an external microcontroller, but only under written in this language program that is loaded into the internal flash memory modem. Same purpose (to reduce the cost of the final product) are used and modems with integrated receiver GPS. Manage integrated GPS receiver is made through a special AT commands and receive certain coordinates possibly in the form of response to the command, and the form of maxims NMEA output serial port receiver GPS.
The presence of the programmable inputs / outputs allows using the GSM-modem to control external circuits such as relays, actuators, and implementation of software IIC interface makes it possible to connect to the modem devices having this bus for communications. Such devices may be video camera, camera, sensor teperatury, humidity sensor, etc.
Send data via GPRS or SMS.

Рис. 2. Easy Script Extension - Python interpreter        Applications are endless and include the remote control of heating and air conditioning in holiday homes, lighting, engine pre-heaters, aviation engine heaters, irrigation systems, water well pumps, pumping stations, cabin heaters, resetting and reboot of remote servers and routers, arming and disarming security systems, access control of roller shutters, garage doors and gates.

       Quad band GSM-850, GSM-900, GSM-1800, GSM-1900 MHz so will work anywhere in the world where there is a GSM cell phone network

       Four independent outputs that can be programmed to switch on for a period of time between 1 second and 18 hours when the unit is called. Two access modes are available, open access where the GSM-modem will respond to any incoming call, and secure access where it will only respond to programmed authorized telephone numbers.

       More than one telephone number can be added to the white list, when the secure access mode is activated only the numbers in the white list are able to activate the GSM-moden. Authorized numbers can be added and deleted as required.

       The GPIOs can be permanently switched on or off by sending the GSM-modem a text message command, a confirmation text can be returned if required.

NOTE: You will need a SIM card, the GSM-modem is not locked to any cell phone network so it can be used with any GSM network provider. You will also need a 12 volt DC power supply with a current rating of 500mA (0.5 Amp).

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